Wow. Hard to imagine what caused that. Usually a thrown rod is from excessive bearing clearance, but that looks like it hit something "un-compressible" like a cylinder full of water. Would be interested to know.
Just to make a WAG, not a SWAG, but a WAG, I would suspect that the part to the right is the crankshaft end and for some reason such as lubrication failure, etc. it seized to the crank and the crank just kept turning.