I cannot imagine any way the alternator could fail that would cause your symptom.
Having your ignition coil wired backward will not cause your symptom.
Check the resistance value of your new resistor. It should be about 25 ohms. Ignition resistors look about the same but are less than 5 ohms. One of them could cause your symptom.
Check your wiring. The alternator should have exactly two wires connected that go somewhere else on the tractor. One should go directly to the ammeter. The other should go to one end of the resistor. That end of the resistor should have no other wires attached. Wiring different than this could cause your symptom.
Edit: Since this is a factory alternator installation, there probably is another wire from the two-wire connector on the alternator. It should go to the battery side of the starter solenoid. I suppose it could be shorted to the other terminal of the two-wire connector. But that would give different symptoms.
Having your ignition coil wired backward will not cause your symptom.
Check the resistance value of your new resistor. It should be about 25 ohms. Ignition resistors look about the same but are less than 5 ohms. One of them could cause your symptom.
Check your wiring. The alternator should have exactly two wires connected that go somewhere else on the tractor. One should go directly to the ammeter. The other should go to one end of the resistor. That end of the resistor should have no other wires attached. Wiring different than this could cause your symptom.
Edit: Since this is a factory alternator installation, there probably is another wire from the two-wire connector on the alternator. It should go to the battery side of the starter solenoid. I suppose it could be shorted to the other terminal of the two-wire connector. But that would give different symptoms.