Hi Colin
Plowing loosens up the soil. Turning it over taking orginac material down into the soil improveing soil quality, its abilty to hold and drain water and keeps it loser and easier for new root systems to grow. Also plowing rips up old root systems helping kill off old root systems killing off weeds etc.
After years of plowing you end up with a hard pacted layer under the bottom of the plowing depth which is where subsoilers come into play to loosen up the soil to a much deeper depth.
Disks, drag harrows, spring tooth harrows are all ways to break up the clumps from plowing smooth out the field. Also they can be used before planting to run over the field and rip up and kill off weeds.
Cultivators are used in row planted crops to work up and kill off weed between the rows of crops.
Well I finaly got the other pasture put up and my horse moved. I have to mow the pasture once agin. And spray it to kill all the weeds. After I spray it it will be about two weeks untill we can plow. And we willl need some rain right now this clay is hard as a rock and I do not think a plow will pull through it.
Billy